One of the most popular songs in the Vilna ghetto, 'Tsu eyns, tsvey, dray' (One, two, three) was written by the young poet Leyb Rozental, based on a pre-existing march melody by Hanns Eisler. The song's first few verses contrast the harshness and uncertainty of life in the ghetto with the sunny and carefree past, but the final verse ends on a note of optimism and defiance, suggesting that things will not always be this way.