Ludwig Bloch: Music Publishing and Arts Under Nazi Persecution

Ludwig Bloch was born on December 6, 1859, in Berlin, Germany. He was the son of Eduard Bloch, a Jewish bookseller who founded a specialized theatre literature publishing house. Following in his father's footsteps, Ludwig took over the family business in 1887, continuing its focus on theatrical and musical publications.

During the late 1930s, Ludwig Bloch experienced the increasingly hostile environment for Jewish artists and publishers in Nazi Germany. He was listed in anti-Semitic publications such as the 1938 "Judaism and Music" and the 1941 "Lexicon of Jews in Music," which were part of the systematic documentation and marginalization of Jewish cultural figures.

By November 1938, around the time of Kristallnacht, Bloch's correspondence revealed his growing anxiety. In a letter to his son Herbert, he described life as increasingly difficult, writing that he felt like he was "eking out an existence from one day to the next without joy and hope." He advised Herbert to investigate staying longer in Italy, showing an awareness of the mounting dangers.

Ludwig Bloch with his sons, Egon and Herbert in September 1916. From the Herbert Bloch (1911-2006) collection, Leo Baeck Institute.

Bloch's health began to deteriorate during this period. Family letters note his blindness, along with struggles with anxiety, depression, and circulation problems. The family was forced to share their apartment with others, a common experience for Jewish families under Nazi restrictions.

The situation grew more dire. In 1940, Bloch's publishing house, which had been in the family since 1845, was sold due to his Jewish origins. His son Egon was arrested and sent to Auschwitz in 1943, while Ludwig himself passed away in 1939.

As a publisher and author, Bloch was known for his own creative works. He wrote titles such as "Am Stammtisch" and "Am Wickeltisch" and composed poetry, including several poems written for his son Herbert. The family publishing house specialized in dramatic and musical cabaret, choreographies, and stage literature.

Bloch was also involved in the artistic community. He was featured in exhibitions by the Bavarian Kulturbund, with his work displayed in Berlin and various Bavarian locations between 1936 and 1937. These exhibitions were part of the Jewish cultural resistance during the Nazi era.

The Bloch family's publishing collection, containing approximately 20,000 plays and 300 scores, was purchased by the Prussian State Library in 1940. This extensive collection primarily focused on vaudeville pieces, operettas, and stage works from German-speaking countries and international sources.

Ludwig Bloch died in 1939, leaving behind a significant cultural and publishing legacy that would be largely disrupted by the Nazi regime's systematic persecution of Jewish artists and intellectuals.

Sources

Fetthauer S. Ludwig Bloch, Lexicon of Persecuted Musicians of the Nazi, 2004 (accessed Dec 2024)

Egon and Ludwig Bloch – Sending of Package and Funds (File P), 1939 November 16-1941 February 8, Box: 1, Folder: 24. Herbert Bloch Collection, AR 25628. Leo Baeck Institute